What is meant by 'parent material' in soil classification?

'Parent material' in soil classification refers to the unconsolidated and weathered material from which soil develops. This definition is fundamental to understanding soil genesis and characteristics, as the properties of the parent material influence soil texture, mineral content, and overall fertility. Typically, parent material can be derived from a variety of geological sources including rock, alluvial deposits from rivers, or glacial till, and it serves as the foundation for soil formation processes, including weathering and the accumulation of organic matter.

Understanding parent material is essential for various applications, including agriculture, land use planning, and environmental assessment, because it affects drainage, nutrient availability, and soil biodiversity. The transformation of parent material into distinct soil profiles occurs through factors such as climate, topography, organisms, and time, all of which play significant roles in the soil formation process.